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What is Business or Self-Employment Gross Income?

    by Israel Torres, Nov 21, 2007

If you receive any income and there is any connection with a business, the income is business income. The income would not have been made if the business did not exist and operate thus your connection to an existing business.

Any income received from your business and connected to the business unless specifically excluded by law, must be reported by Small business owners or self-employed taxpayersons on their tax returns . Most of this business income will be in the form of cash, checks and credit card charges. But business income can be in other forms, such as property or services. The following list includes some examples of other forms of income, such as:

  1. Bartering
  2. Real estate rents
  3. Personal property rents
  4. Interest and dividend income
  5. Canceled debt
  6. Promissory notes
  7. Lost income payments
  8. Damages
  9. Economic injury payments
  10. Kickbacks

Any and all income earned is taxable. If you direct payment of income to a third party it does not remove the reporting and payment requirements for small businesses and self-employed taxpayers.

Cost of Goods Sold

Some businesses may make or buy goods to sell. If so, these businesses may deduct the "costs of goods sold" from their gross receipts. To determine these costs, the value of inventory at the beginning and end of the year must be calculated.
There are several factors that go into determining "cost of goods sold" including:

  1. Inventory at the beginning of the year
  2. Purchases less cost of items withdrawn for personal use
  3. Labor costs (generally applies to manufacturing and mining operations)
  4. Materials and supplies (generally a manufacturing cost)
  5. Other costs (generally applies to manufacturing and mining operations)
  6. Inventory at the end of the year
  7. Inventory, net purchases, cost of labor, materials and supplies, and other costs are added together. Inventory at the end of the year is subtracted from this total to determine "cost of goods sold".
Gross Income

To calculate gross income, first determine net receipts (gross receipts minus returns and allowances) and minus the cost of goods sold. Returns and allowances include cash or credit refunds made to customers, rebates and other allowances off the actual sales price. Then add any other income, including fuel tax credits. Gross income must be determined first before deducting business expenses.

Tools to Use

There are tools available to assist small business owners and the self-employed track and report income such as the use of:

  • A formal set of books and records with strong internal controls

  • Accounting/financial computer software and

  • Separate bank accounts for business and personal income and expenses

  • Small businesses and self-employed taxpayers greatly benefit by accurately recording and reporting all income.
  • Insufficient recordkeeping could cause income to be over-reported and too much tax paid or too little income reported and too little tax paid.


"The Small Business and Self-Employed One-Stop Resource" is a Web based tool. It contains a wealth of information to educate business owners and the self-employed on their unique tax filing and reporting obligations.

Another Web based tool is the Online Learning and Educational Products section of IRS.gov which allows business owners to view a streaming video of an IRS Small Business Workshop.

There are benefits beyond accurate income and expense reporting to be gained. Formalized financial records will help small businesses when it is time to apply for loans or efforts to obtain capital for expansion.










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